HAWAIIAN GOODNESS
Even for the Mainlander
Duolingo Category #11: Numbers 1
For the "Numbers 1" category, there is NO Tips section. Since this is unfortunately lacking on Duolingo, take a peek at my explanation below.
Lessons Taught
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Vocabulary: Numbers, Clothing, Objects
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Numbers: Hoʻokahi vs. ʻekahi
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Revisiting " o " : How to say "have/has"
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Asking and Responding to "How old is [noun/name]?"
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Revisiting "Aia" : ʻehia?
Vocabulary
Numbers, Clothing, Objects
- Pāpale = Hat
- Makaaniani = (Pair of) Eyeglasses [Recognize aniani?]
→ You can input "glasses" as an answer on Duolingo,
but don't confuse that with a glass cup, since that's a
different vocab word in Hawaiian!
- Pua = Flower
- Kanakē = Candy
- Papa heʻe nalu = Surfboard
- Pahu = Box
- Pōpoki = Cat
- Pā pāʻani = Playground
- Makahiki = Year
- ʻaʻala = Fragrant, sweet-smelling
- Momona = Juicy; Sweet
- Nuha = Stubborn, sulky
- Liʻiliʻi = Small, little
- ʻehia? = How many?
- Hoʻokahi = One (quantity, not listed number)
- ʻekahi = 1
- ʻelua = 2
- ʻekolu = 3
- ʻehā = 4
- ʻelima = 5
- ʻeono = 6
- ʻehiku = 7
- ʻewalu = 8
- ʻeiwa = 9
- ʻumi = 10
Not to be confused with puaʻa
Papa can mean board or flat surface,
and we already know that
heʻe nalu means To surf/surfing
Pā can mean yard and we already know that pāʻani means To play
Numbers
Hoʻokahi vs. ʻekahi
1. Both of the words Hoʻokahi and ʻekahi mean one. The difference between the two is that ʻekahi is listed as a number for counting (along with any number, "two" and above). Hoʻokahi, on the other hand, is the word used in sentences before a noun. See the difference:
ʻekahi, ʻelua, ʻekolu, ʻehā, ʻelima, ...
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...]
Aia hoʻokahi kaikamahine nuha ma ka pā pāʻani.
[One stubborn girl is on the playground.]
[NOT: Aia ʻekahi kaikamahine nuha ma ka pā pāʻani.]
In the first example, we're simply counting/listing off numbers, starting with the number 1 (ʻekahi). In the second example, we're using hoʻokahi to tell the quantity of children (in this case, one girl) on the playground. You would never use ʻekahi before a noun.
2. Notice that all numbers, starting with Hoʻokahi, though they are technically Adjectives, will always come right before the noun they describe, not afterwards like other Adjectives do. For example:
ʻEhā haumāna lōʻihi.
[Four tall students.]
Here, we see the number before the noun it describes (ʻEhā before haumāna) and a normal adjective after the noun it describes (lōʻihi after haumāna), where it's always placed.
3. When a number is describing a noun that is a Direct Object in the sentence, you still need to use the Direct Object marker " i " [discussed in this post], but the definite article ka/ke is no longer needed. For example:
Makemake ke keiki i ʻelua pōpoki ʻeleʻele.
[The child wants two black cats.]
As we learned in a previous Duolingo category, " o " means of in English, and only used for Possession:
Pehea ke anilā o kēia lā?
[lit. How is the weather of today?]
[How is today's weather?]
In this Duolingo category, we learn a similar use of "o" : to tell when someone has (or possesses) something. Just as in the example above, you simply put "o + [owner]" after the noun that is being owned/possessed. For example:
ʻEhiku papa heʻe nalu o Kaleo.
[Kaleo has seven surfboards.]
[NOT: Seven surfboards of Kaleo.]
Papa heʻe nalu (surfboard) is the noun being possessed, and since o Kaleo follows that noun, we know that Kaleo owns ("has") those surfboards.
Since this is a difficult concept to wrap one's head around, let's look at one more example to make sure you understand it:
ʻEhia pāpale o kēlā kaikamahine?
[How many hats does that girl have?]
ʻElima pāpale o kēlā kaikamahine.
[That girl has five hats.]
Just like all the questions we've seen, we replace the question word ʻehia? with the answer (in this case, ʻelima).
Asking how old somebody is will use the same grammar concept explained above. This will look very familiar to you if you've studied any Romance languages!
In the above example, we asked how many "hats" that girl has:
ʻEhia pāpale o kēlā kaikamahine?
[How many hats does that girl have?]
To ask how old that girl is, simply replace the word "pāpale" ("hats") there with the word "makahiki" ("years"):
ʻEhia makahiki o kēlā kaikamahine?
[lit. How many years does that girl have?]
[How old is that girl?]
When we ask "how old is __?" we're literally asking "how many years does __ have?" So the formula is: ʻEhia makahiki o __?
As usual, to respond, replace the question word " ʻEhia " with the answer:
ʻElima makahiki o kēlā kaikamahine.
[lit. That girl has five years.]
[That girl is five years old.]
In a previous Duolingo category, we learned that Aia means To be with regards to location:
Aia au ma ka hale.
[I am at the house.]
In this lesson, we learn that Aia can also mean There is / There are. For example:
Aia ʻelima makaaniani ma ke pākaukau.
[There are five eyeglasses on the table.]
[Five eyeglasses are on the table.]
When using " ʻehia + [noun]? " ("How many [noun] are there?"), Aia is not necessary in the question, even though it is used in the answer:
ʻEhia kelepona ma kou hale?
[How many phones (are there) in your house?]
Aia ʻewalu kelepona ma koʻu hale.
[There are eight phones in my house.]
[Eight phones are in my house.]
~~~
Revisiting " o "
Asking and Responding to "How old is [noun/name]?"
Revisiting "Aia"
ʻehia?
" ʻEhia kanakē ma ka pahu?"
"Aia ʻumi. Makemake ʻoe?"
" ʻAe, makemake au i hoʻokahi. Mahalo!"
Note that this is only an occurrence for one. For every other number (two and above), there are, thankfully, no such confusions!
How to say "have/has"
Note that we will never translate this sentence literally. In Hawaiian, this is a complete sentence. Just like there is no linking verb To be/is/are, there is no verb To have/has. This is the only way to convey that someone owns (or "has") an object.
Note that when we use " o," we don't need the " ʻo " (with the ʻokina/apostrophe) when the noun is a Proper Noun/name anymore. The Hawaiian will be "o Kaleo," not "o ʻo Kaleo."
Note that this is asking how many things a third-person noun has (a general noun, like kaikamahine, or a name, like Kaleo). You will learn how to ask and respond to "How many [nouns] do YOU have?" in a future Duolingo category.
Hū! Nui nā papa heʻenalu! ʻEhia papa heʻenalu o kēlā kāne?
Note, like above, that this is asking how old a third-person noun. You will learn how to ask and respond to "How old are YOU?" in a future Duolingo category.
Aloha e ke keiki! ʻEhia makahiki o kou makuahine a me kou makua kāne?
The second translation is the one we've been accostumed to up to this point. But either translation works!
Starting with the next Duolingo category, grammar will begin to grow a little more complex.
I recommend reviewing and practicing what you've learned up to this point (Categories 9-11) before continuing to the next section! This quiz will test you on vocab learned in this phase.
Try it out, see how you do!
Maika‘i for reaching this point! Keep reviewing your vocab and grammar :)
PRACTICE!
Practice what you learned by translating these sentences copied/pasted from this category of Duolingo. The English translations are below. When you feel confident enough, try translating the English into Hawaiian!
Then: try it on Duolingo!
Hawaiian Sentences:
ʻAʻala ka pua.
Hoʻokahi wahine
Hoʻokahi mahiʻai hauʻoli
Hoʻokahi keiki kāne
Hoʻokahi papa heʻe nalu
ʻElua hua ʻai
ʻElua ʻīlio ʻeleʻele
ʻEkolu ʻōhelo papa
ʻEkolu kelepona ʻulaʻula
ʻEkolu keiki kāne hauʻoli
ʻEhā haumāna lōʻihi
ʻElima keiki mālie
ʻElima kāne uʻi
ʻEono kinipōpō
ʻEono maiʻa
ʻEono ʻōhelo papa ʻulaʻula
ʻEhiku pua
ʻEhiku hale
ʻEhiku pāpale
ʻEwalu ʻīlio
ʻEwalu kelepona
ʻEwalu lei ʻaʻala
ʻEiwa manakō
ʻEiwa pua ʻaʻala
ʻEiwa hoa hānau
ʻUmi pua
ʻUmi lumi moe
ʻUmi makaaniani
Aia ʻelima makaaniani ma ke pākaukau.
Aia ʻumi ʻīlio ʻeleʻele ma ka pā pāʻani.
Aia ʻewalu kanakē momona i ka pahu.
Remember "i" = "ma" in cases like this
Aia ʻekolu pōpoki liʻiliʻi i ka pahu.
ʻEhia kelepona ma kou hale?
ʻEhia keiki nuha ma ka pā pāʻani?
Aia hoʻokahi kaikamahine nuha ma ka pā pāʻani.
ʻEhia pahu i kou lumi moe liʻiliʻi?
Makemake ʻo Kēhau i ʻehā kanakē liʻiliʻi.
Makemake au i ʻehiku manakō momona.
Makemake ke keiki i ʻelua pōpoki ʻeleʻele.
ʻAi ʻeono haumāna hauʻoli i ke kanakē.
ʻElima pāpale o kēlā wahine.
ʻEhiku papa heʻe nalu o Kaleo.
ʻEkolu pāpale o Kaʻiulani.
ʻEono papa heʻe nalu lōʻihi o koʻu ʻanakala.
ʻEhia makaaniani o Kaleo?
ʻEhia pāpale o kēlā wahine?
ʻEhia makahiki o kēia ʻīlio?
ʻEhia makahiki o kēlā keiki kāne?
ʻEiwa makahiki o kēlā pōpoki.
ʻElima makahiki o kēia kaikamahine.
ʻEhā makaaniani o Keoki?
~~~
Translations:
The flower is fragrant.
One woman
One happy farmer
One boy
One surfboard
Two fruit
Two black dogs
Three strawberries
Three red phones
Three happy boys
Four tall students
Five calm children
Five handsome men
Six balls
Six bananas
Six red strawberries
Seven flowers
Seven houses
Seven hats
Eight dogs
Eight phones
Eight fragrant lei
Nine mangoes
Nine fragrant flowers
Nine cousins
Ten flowers
Ten bedrooms
Ten eyeglasses
There are five eyeglasses on the table. / Five eyeglasses are on the table.
There are ten black dogs on the playground.
There are eight sweet candies in the box.
There are three small cats in the box.
How many phones are in your house?
How many stubborn children are on the playground?
There is one stubborn girl on the playground.
How many boxes are in your small bedroom?
Kēhau wants four small candies.
I want seven juicy mangoes.
The child wants two black cats.
Six happy students eat candy.
That woman has five hats.
Kaleo has seven surfboards.
Kaʻiulani has three hats.
My uncle has six long surfboards.
How many eyeglasses does Kaleo have?
How many hats does that woman have?
How old is this dog?
How old is that boy?
That cat is nine years old.
This girl is five years old.
Does Keoki have four pairs of glasses?
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