HAWAIIAN GOODNESS
Even for the Mainlander
Duolingo Category #14: Food 2
For the "Food 2" category, there is NO Tips section. Since this is unfortunately lacking on Duolingo, take a peek at my explanation below.
Lessons Taught
-
Vocabulary: Food, Dishes
-
Word Order: Adjectives
-
The Word "Pau"
-
The Word "Kena"
-
Portuguese Sausage
Vocabulary
Food, Dishes
This vocab introduces some more nouns that are exceptions to the
K, E, A, O rule. Some of these may actually change the definition of the word depending on whether they are preceded by Ka or Ke
(if the option exists - which will be stated as introduced)!
- (Ke) Pā = Plate; Dish
- (Ke) Pola = Bowl
- (Ke) ʻō = Fork
- (Ke) Puna = Spoon
- Pahi = Knife
- Kīʻaha = Cup
- Kāwele = Napkin, towel [n]; To towel off, to wipe [v]
- ʻai = Food (more often: Mea ʻai); Poi; Eating [n]; To eat [v]
- Naʻaukake = Sausage
- Hua moa = (Chicken) Egg
→ Moa = Chicken (not to be confused with Mao)
- Mākaukau = Ready, prepared [in general, including food]
- Māʻona = Full [of food]
→ Not to be confused with the movie "Moana"
- Maʻalili = Cooled, Cooled off/down
- Pau = Done, finished, gone
- Kena = Quenched [thirst]
→ Not to be confused with "kēnā"
- Paila = To boil [v]; Boiled [adj]
→ not "To bRoil"
- Palai = To fry [v]; Fried [adj]
Recall that (Ka) Pā means Yard, so our earlier term (Ka) Pā pāʻani ("Playground") is related to that word, not (Ke) Pā ("Plate, Dish")
This is a review of all the definitions this word can have, plus the added "Eating" as a noun introduced in this category
All of these sound like past-tense verbs in English, but in Hawaiian they are just adjectives! We've seen this previously with the word Mao, as in Mao ka polalauahi ("The vog has cleared / The vog is cleared").
Note the differences in spelling - don't confuse them with each other!
Word Order
Adjectives
1. Like we've seen earlier, in Hawaiian, Nouns can be placed after other nouns to act as Adjectives:
He puni heʻe nalu ʻo ia.
[He is a lover of surfing.]
[He is a surfing lover.]
The noun heʻe nalu ("surfing") here is placed after the noun puni ("lover") to act as an adjective to describe the puni.
In this Duolingo category, we see more of this in action:
He pā naʻaukake nui kēlā?
[lit. Is that a large sausage plate?]
[Is that a large plate of sausage?]
Here, the noun naʻaukake is placed after the noun pā ("plate") to act as an adjective to describe pā, hence "sausage plate." Duolingo, however, will translate this into English as "plate of sausage" - don't translate this literally!
We see this in another example:
He kīʻaha kope nui kēlā.
[That is a large coffee cup.]
[That is a large cup of coffee.]
2. In both of these last two examples, there is a non-noun adjective present: Nui or "large." Notice how this word goes after the noun-adjective. This is important for translating, as it will be marked wrong if you place it anywhere else:
He pā naʻaukake nui kēlā?
[NOT: He pā nui naʻaukake kēlā?]
He kīʻaha kope nui kēlā.
[NOT: He kīʻaha nui kope kēlā.]
3. Lastly, adjectives that are colors come after nui. For example:
He pola nui uliuli kēia.
[NOT: He pola uliuli nui kēia.]
[This is a large blue bowl.]
Pau primarily is an adjective means done or finished. Duolingo brings up the meaning gone for this word, but it only means this in the sense that something is consumed. For example:
Pau ka naʻaukake!
[The sausage is finished!]
[The sausage is done!]
[The sausage is gone!]
"The sausage" in this example has been consumed. This sentence conveys the meaning that someone, likely the speaker, ate the sausage and is stating that there is no more of it. It does not mean that it mysteriously disappeared! Likewise, we do not use pau here to mean that the sausage is "done," as in, "prepared" or ready to be eaten. All three of these translations are to convey that someone ate the sausage, nothing else.
Kena can be another troublesome word. This is an adjective that means "quenched," as in, someone's thirst. But in the Hawaiian sentence, "thirst" is not the Subject, the person (who was thirsty) is. For example:
Kena nā keiki.
[The children's thirst is quenched.]
[The children are quenched.]
[The children are satisfied.]
To say what the quenching was caused by (i.e. what the Subject drank to make them not thirsty anymore), we use the drink as if it were a Direct Object:
Kena nā keiki i ka waiū.
[The children's thirst is quenched with milk.]
It might seem pretty random that Duolingo has so many prompts that include "sausage." The reason for this is because sausage was actually brought over from Portuguese immigrants in the early 20th century! Portuguese sausage, originally called linguiça, is a common food to eat on the Hawaiian Islands (even being sold at their local McDonald's!). Over time, Portuguese sausage in Hawaiʻi developed more of a softer, sweeter flavor than a spicy one (though spicy is still an option).
Just another example of Duolingo trying to immerse you in the Hawaiian culture, including with different types of foods!
~~~
The Word "Pau"
The Word "Kena"
Portuguese Sausage
This sentence is saying that the cup is full of coffee, not that it is a "coffee cup," as in, a mug.
Which noun is acting as an adjective to describe which other noun?
He pahu naʻaukake liʻiliʻi kēia.
If you place adjectives in the wrong place in a Hawaiian sentence, it will sound just as weird as when you do it in English. We say "This is a large blue bowl." We do not say "This is a blue large bowl." We say "Is that a large sausage plate?" We do not say "Is that a sausage large plate?" We essentially understand what is being said, but it sounds awkward. It is the same with Hawaiian!
"He aha kēnā?" "He pola nui uliuli kēia."
Pau ka ʻai! Māʻona au.
Be sure not to try to translate this literally from English! We don't want to look up the Hawaiian word for "with" and put it in the sentence. It will make the Hawaiian sentence sound unnatural.
We'll see more Adjectives that behave like kena and its odd usage of "i" in future lessons. Duolingo is only introducing the concept right now.
Kena ka wahine i ka wai. Inu ʻo ia i ka wai.
.jpg)
Maʻalili ka naʻaukake kōʻala. E ʻai kākou!
PRACTICE!
Practice what you learned by translating these sentences copied/pasted from this category of Duolingo. The English translations are below. When you feel confident enough, try translating the English into Hawaiian!
Then: try it on Duolingo!
Hawaiian Sentences:
Ke ʻō a me ke puna
Aia ʻehā ʻō i ka pahu.
Paila ʻo Kaleo i ka hua moa.
Palai ʻo Kaleo i ka hua moa.
E paila ʻoe i ka naʻaukake.
E ʻai kākou i ka iʻa palai.
Hoʻomoʻa au i ka laiki.
E hoʻomoʻa kākou i ka ʻuala.
E kuke i ka laiki a me ka pipi.
Paila ke keiki kāne i ka naʻaukake.
E hoʻomoʻa kākou i ke kalo.
Kōʻala au i ka naʻaukake.
E palai i ka iʻa nui.
ʻOno ka pipi.
ʻOno ka laiki palai.
Aia ma hea ka hua moa?
Aia ka pahi ma ke pākaukau.
He hua moa nui kēlā?
He pahi kēia.
He ʻō nui kēlā!
He puna wela kēlā.
ʻAʻole kēia he puna.
*Remember when we learned Negative "He" Statements?
Kōʻala ʻo Keoki i ka naʻaukake.
Aia ke puna ma ka lumi moe.
He pā nui kēia.
Aia ka pahi ma ka lumi kuke.
He pā naʻaukake nui kēlā?
He kīʻaha kope nui kēlā.
He pola nui uliuli kēia.
Aia ke ʻō ʻulaʻula ma ka lumi kuke.
Aia ka ʻuala ma ke pā.
Aia ke kīʻaha ma ka lumi moe?
Aia ka poi ma ke pola.
Aia ka wai huʻihuʻi ma ke kīʻaha.
E kāwele i ke pākaukau.
Aia ke pola ma ke pākaukau.
He kāwele ʻulaʻula kēia.
Kāwele kāua i nā pā.
Māʻona ʻo Kēhau.
Maʻalili ke kope.
Māʻona nā keiki.
Mākaukau ka ʻulu pūlehu.
Maʻalili ke kalo.
Mākaukau ka iʻa palai.
Māʻona kākou.
Maʻalili ka ʻai.
Mākaukau ka ʻai!
Pau ka ʻai!
*Note that we are using the noun ʻai, and not the verb, though it might translate to something similar!
Pau ka naʻaukake!
Pau ka wai hua ʻai.
Kena nā keiki i ka waiū.
Kena ka mahiʻai i ka wai.
Kena koʻu ʻanakala i ka pia.
~~~
Translations:
The fork and the spoon / Fork and spoon
There are four forks in the box.
Kaleo boils the egg.
Kaleo fries the egg.
Boil the sausage.
Let's eat the fried fish.
I cook the rice.
Let's cook the sweet potato.
Cook rice and beef.
The boy boils the sausage.
Let's cook the taro.
I roast the sausage.
Fry the large fish.
Beef is delicious.
The fried rice is delicious.
Where is the chicken egg?
The knife is on the table.
That is a hot spoon.
This is not a spoon.
Keoki broils sausage.
Is that a large egg?
This is a knife.
That is a big fork!
The spoon is in the bedroom.
This is a large plate.
The knife is in the kitchen.
Is that a large plate of sausage?
That is a large cup of coffee.
This is a big blue bowl.
The red fork is in the kitchen.
The sweet potato is on the plate.
Is the cup in the bedroom?
The poi is in the bowl.
The cold water is in the cup.
Wipe the table.
The bowl is on the table.
This is a red napkin.
We both towel off the dishes.
Kēhau is full.
The coffee is cooled down.
The children are full.
The roasted breadfruit is ready.
The taro is cooled.
The fried fish is ready.
We are full.
The food is cooled off.
The food is ready!
Done eating!
The sausage is finished!
The juice is done.
The children's thirst is quenched with milk.
The farmer's thirst is quenched with water.
My uncle's thirst is quenched with beer.
~~~~
Contact
I'm always looking for new and exciting opportunities. Let's connect.
123-456-7890
