HAWAIIAN GOODNESS
Even for the Mainlander
Duolingo Category #17: Purchases
For the "Purchases" category, there is NO Tips section. Since this is unfortunately lacking on Duolingo, take a peek at my explanation below.
Lessons Taught
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Vocabulary: Shopping, Money, High Numbers, Clothes Items
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High numbers Asking and Responding to
"How much money (for)?" : Using High Numbers with Money
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Revisiting "Hele" : "Hele...i ke kūʻai hele" vs "Kūʻai hele"
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Negative Commands : The use of "Mai"
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He instead of Aia
Vocabulary
Shopping, Money, High Numbers, Clothes Items
- Kālā = Dollar, money
- Keneka = Cent
- Kāleka kāki = Credit card
- Kumu kūʻai = Price
- Kanalima = 50
- Kanaiwakūmamāiwa = 99
- Lole = Clothes (usually singular, Collective Noun)
- Lako = Gear, supplies (usually singular, Collective Noun)
- Pila = Check, bill (payment at end of purchase)
- Kāki = Fee
- Kāki kula = Tuition (lit. School fee)
- Komo = Entrance
- Kāki komo = Entrance fee
- Kāmaʻa = Shoe
- Paʻa = Pair (as in, two of something)
- Paʻa kāmaʻa = Pair of shoes
- Likiki = Ticket
- Pepa hāleu = Toilet paper
- Me = With
- Emi = Cheap; Low (when used to describe "kumu kūʻai")
- Pipiʻi = Expensive; High (when used to describe "kumu kūʻai")
- Kūʻaiemi (Kuʻai + emi) = Sale (lit. Cheap buy)
- Kūʻai = To buy
- Kūʻai hele = Shopping [n]; To shop [v]
- Hele...i ke kūʻai hele = To go shopping
→ Explained below
- Uku = To pay
- Hoʻolilo = To spend
- Hoʻolilo kālā = To spend money
- Mālama kālā = To save money
In addition to "instrument"
Remember using this as a Verb ("To enter") with a Locative?
Not used with makaaniani
Compound Verb/Noun!
Compound Verb!
Compound Verb!
High Numbers
So far, we have learned numbers 1-10 and numbers 11-12 (though we discussed that once you know
11 and 12, you can figure out numbers 13-19 even if Duolingo doesn't test you on these just yet!). In this section, since this Duolingo category deals with money, we learn the number 50 and the number 99. Most of the numbers follow the same pattern (like 11-19 do), so we'll cover those here too!
1. For the numbers ending in zero (the tens), starting with the number 30, they all start with the prefix "kana-" and combine with the corresponding number 1-9. For example:
30 = Kana- + ʻekolu = Kanakolu
40 = Kana- + ʻehā = Kanahā
50 = Kana- + ʻelima = Kanalima
(etc.)
Therefore, the numbers (in the tens) 30 through 90 are:
- Kanakolu = 30
- Kanahā = 40
- Kanalima = 50
- Kanaono = 60
- Kanahiku = 70
- Kanawalu = 80
- Kanaiwa = 90
2. Now, let's learn how to say the numbers in between the tens! Fortunately, this pattern will look very familiar. Simply take your "tens" number (30, for example) and tack on the corresponding "-kūmamā-" (or the alternative "-kūmā-") like we did with numbers 11-19! For example:
31 = Kanakolu + kūmamā + ʻekahi = Kanakolukūmamākahi
32 = Kanakolu + kūmamā + ʻelua = Kanakolukūmamālua
33 = Kanakolu + kūmamākolu = Kanakolukūmamākolu
34 = Kanakolu + kūmamāhā = Kanakolukūmamāhā
(etc.)
So, how would you say 99? Try to figure it out before looking below or checking the vocab section. The answer:
99 = Kanaiwa + kūmamāiwa = Kanaiwakūmamāiwa
The end result for all of these is a bit intimidating to look at, but parcel it up into the sections that you've learned and you'll deduce the numerical value easily!
Once you feel comfortable enough with high numbers (specifically the numbers 50 and 99, for this Duolingo category), learn this next section that teaches how to use them in terms of money and handling purchases!
1. We've seen the question word ʻEhia? ("How much? / How many?") before (and, separately, for questions relating to Dates and Time). Now, we'll see it further with regards to making purchases. To ask how much money something is, ask the following question:
ʻEhia kālā no __?
[lit. How many dollars for __?]
[How much money for __?]
For example:
ʻEhia kālā no kēia?
[How much money for this?]
ʻEhia kālā no ka pepa hāleu?
[How much money for the toilet paper?]
Asking the above questions should be simple, as they are almost literal translations!
Just like in English, you can omit the no ("for"). This is important to pay attention to, as Duolingo will mark you incorrect if you input "for" as a translation when there is no "no" in the Hawaiian prompt. For example:
ʻEhia kālā ke kāki komo?
[How much is the entrance fee?]
If the Hawaiian included no (ʻEhia kālā no ke kāki komo?), the translation would be "How much for the entrance fee?" Both are possible questions in Hawaiian just as in English, just be sure to check to see if Duolingo sneaks in (or out) that extra word!
2. As usual, if you want to respond with the exact price, substitute the question word ʻEhia? with your answer. For example:
Kanaiwakūmamāiwa kālā no ke kāki komo.
[Ninety-nine dollars for the entrance fee.]
Kanaiwakūmamāiwa keneka no ka pepa hāleu.
[Ninety-nine cents for the toilet paper.]
Note that for this last answer, we substituted kālā with keneka - the literal question asked
"How many dollars?" and we are replying "99 cents."
3. To respond with dollars and cents, you use the word me, which literally translates to "with." For example:
ʻUmi kālā me kanalima keneka no ka pepa hāleu.
[Ten dollars and fifty cents for the toilet paper.]
1. Remember when we revisited Makemake? We went over how this verb, when meaning "to like," would only take a noun/Direct Object instead of a verb/Infinitive (for those words that share those two parts of speech). For example:
Makemake au i ka hoʻoikaika kino.
[I like working out.]
[NOT: Makemake au e hoʻoikaika kino.]
We mentioned in a note at the bottom of that section that there are, just a few, other verbs like Makemake that act in this way. One such word is brought up in this Duolingo category: the verb Hele.
When Hele is used with a Direct Object, it is translated as "To go [noun]-ing." For example:
Hele au i ke kūʻai hele.
[I go shopping.]
[NOT: Hele au e kūʻai hele.]
From the vocab section above, we know the term Kūʻai hele means either the noun "Shopping" or the verb "To shop." With Hele, because it will only take nouns/Direct Objects and not verbs/Infinitives, just like Makemake ("to like") does, we used the Direct Object marker "i" instead of the Infinitive marker "e."
2. Note the slight difference in translation between the two sentences below:
Hele au i ke kūʻai hele.
[I go shopping.]
Kūʻai hele au.
[I shop.]
The difference is very subtle, but you will be marked incorrect on Duolingo if you confuse the two translations. Be careful!
Up to this point, we've learned a lot about commands, that is, telling others to do something. How do we tell others to not do something?
Instead of the Positive Command formula (E + verb), we use the Negative Command formula:
Mai + verb. Easy! Compare:
E hoʻolilo kālā!
[Spend money!]
Mai hoʻolilo kālā!
[Don't spend money!]
This category on Duolingo brings up a couple of odd sentences that tend to confuse people. When saying "There is __" in Hawaiian, we've been used to putting Aia at the beginning of the sentence. But for some reason, this Duolingo section omits this word sometimes. For example:
(Aia) He kūʻaiemi ma ka hale kūʻai.
[There is a sale at the store.]
They start the sentence with He instead of Aia. In the comments section, a few have brought up that there might be a subtle difference in underlining meaning by including or excluding Aia; others have mentioned the possibility of this being more of a common way to say these sentences out loud, casually, rather than being grammatically correct all the time.
Either way, the mods haven't voiced their reasoning to these yet, and you'll just have to get through them in this category - they won't show up later!
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Asking and Responding to "How much money (for)?"
Revisiting "Hele"
On Duolingo, to make it easier for you, you can input numbers, decimal points, and symbols as your English answer. So for this last sentence, you can put "$10.50 for the toilet paper." Your answer will be correct and you won't have to take all that time typing the numbers out!
We are skipping the number 20 here because it doesn't follow this pattern.
Again, in this Duolingo category, you only learn the number 50 for convenience of the topic that you're learning in this category. So you don't have to have these memorized, but it's easier to know the pattern now!
Using High Numbers with Money
ʻEhia kālā no ka pepa hāleu? Hoʻokahi kālā me kanaiwakūmamāiwa keneka no kēia.
"Hele...i ke kūʻai hele" vs "Kūʻai hele"
Again, the verbs that act like "Makemake" ("to like") and "Hele" here are ones that will be stated when introduced and will have to be memorized. You won't be able to guess which verbs act this way and which don't!
"Aloha e Keoki! Aia ʻoe ma hea?"
"Aloha! Hele au i ke kūʻai hele."
These two phrases Hele...i ke kūʻai hele and Kūʻai hele tend to confuse people not only because they are similar in meaning/translation, but it looks like the Hawaiian is repeating a bunch of the same words. Memorize each phrase from the vocab list as its own term instead of by individual words and this will make it easier for you to comprehend and translate. Kūʻai hele is simply a Compound Verb, just like Mālama kālā is simply a Compound Verb. Hele is simply a verb that can act like Makemake. The two phrases Hele and Kūʻai hele just happen to look like each other, nothing more.
"E Kaʻiulani, pehea ʻoe?"
"Maikaʻi au. Kūʻai hele au me koʻu hoa!"
Negative Commands
The use of "Mai"
Mai hoʻolilo kālā - e mālama kālā!
He instead of Aia
PRACTICE!
Practice what you learned by translating these sentences copied/pasted from this category of Duolingo. The English translations are below. When you feel confident enough, try translating the English into Hawaiian!
Then: try it on Duolingo!
Hawaiian Sentences:
ʻEhia kālā no kēia?
ʻEhia kālā no kēia lole?
ʻEhia kālā no nā lako kula?
ʻEhia kālā no nā lako mahiʻai?
ʻEhia kālā ke kāki komo?
ʻEhia kālā ke kāki komo o ka ʻaha mele?
E kūʻai i nā lako.
Kūʻai au i ka lole.
Kūʻai au i nā lole ma ke kūʻaiemi.
Kūʻai koʻu makuahine i ka lole.
Kūʻai hele au ma ka hale kūʻai.
Hele au i ke kūʻai hele.
E hele kākou i ke kūʻai hele.
E mālama kālā!
E mālama kālā kākou.
Mālama kālā au i kēia lā.
Emi ke kumu kūʻai.
Pipiʻi ke kumu kūʻai.
Emi kēia paʻa kāmaʻa.
Pipiʻi kēia paʻa kāmaʻa.
Pipiʻi ke kumu kūʻai o kēia paʻa kāmaʻa.
Pipiʻi ke kāki kula.
He kāleka kāki kēia.
He kūʻaiemi ma ka hale kūʻai.
He kūʻaiemi kāmaʻa ma ka hale kūʻai.
E uku i ke kāki kula.
E uku i ka pila me ke kāleka kāki.
E uku au i ke kāki komo o ka ʻaha mele.
E uku ʻo Kaʻiulani i ka pila.
E kūʻai me ke kāleka kāki.
Mai kūʻai i kēia mea.
Mai hoʻolilo kālā.
Hoʻolilo ka poʻe i ke kālā ma ka ʻaha mele. / Hoʻolilo kālā ka poʻe ma ka ʻaha mele.
Kanalima keneka
Kanaiwakūmamāiwa keneka no ka likiki.
Hoʻokahi kālā me kanaiwakūmamāiwa keneka no ke kanakē.
Kanaiwakūmamāiwa kālā me kanalima keneka no ka likiki ʻaha mele.
ʻEhia kālā no ka pepa hāleu?
Kanaiwakūmamāiwa keneka no ka pepa hāleu.
ʻUmi kālā me kanalima keneka no ka pepa hāleu.
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Translations:
How much money for this?
How much money for these clothes?
How much money for the school supplies?
How much money for the farm gear?
How much is the entrance fee?
How much is the entrance fee for (of) the concert? / How much is the concert's entrance fee?
Buy the supplies.
I buy clothes. / I buy the clothes.
I buy clothes at the sale.
My mother buys clothes.
I shop at the store.
I go shopping.
Let's go shopping.
Save money!
Let's all save money.
I'll save money today. (lit. I save money today.)
*Duolingo doesn't explain this Future translation.
The price is low.
The price is high.
This pair of shoes is cheap.
This pair of shoes is expensive.
The price of this pair of shoes is high.
The tuition is expensive.
This is a charge/credit card.
There is a sale at the store.
There is a shoe sale at the store.
Pay the tuition.
Pay the bill/check with the credit card.
I will pay the entrance fee for the concert.
Kaʻiulani should pay the bill. / Let Kaʻiulani pay the bill.
*Remember when we learned this translation in the last post?
Purchase (it) with the credit card.
Don't buy this one.
Don't spend money.
The people spend money at the concert.
50 cents
Ninety-nine cents for the ticket.
One dollar and ninety-nine cents for the candy. / $1.99 for the candy.
Ninety-nine dollars and fifty cents for the concert ticket.
How much for the toilet paper?
Ninety-nine cents for the toilet paper.
Ten dollars and fifty cents for the toilet paper. / $10.50 for the toilet paper.
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Check out the next post -
Duolingo Category #18: Order Food
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